Geography

Ukraine, the largest country totally in Europe, has many diverse and interesting geographic features.

As for mountains, the northern reaches of the Carpathian Mountains stretch across western Ukraine. The countrys highest point is located there; Hoverla Mountain, at 2061 m (6762 ft) tall.

The Crimean Mountains front the southern edges of the Crimean Peninsula, and some lower, heavily-eroded mountains extend into Russia just north of the Sea of Azov.

Much of central Ukraine is covered by plateaus, and fertile plains (steppes), somewhat hilly areas of grasslands and shrub lands. The Black Sea Coastal Lowlands cover the southern edges of the country.

Ukraine is bordered by the waters of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Major rivers include the Desna, Dnieper, Dniester, Donets and the Southern Bug. Numerous waterfalls are found in both the Carpathian and Crimean Mountains.

The Dnieper River, one of the major rivers of Europe (fourth by length) flows from Russia, through Belarus and Ukraine, to the Black Sea. The rivers total length is 2,285 km (1,420 mi).

Population

Ukrainian Orthodox - Kyiv Patriarchate                          50.4%,
Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate                  26.1%,
Ukrainian Greek Catholic                                                8%,
Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox                              7.2%,
Roman Catholic                                                              2.2%,
Protestant                                                                       2.2%,
Jewish                                                                             0.6%,
other                                                                               3.2%

Transport

Transport in Ukraine includes ground transportation (automobile and rail), water (sea and river), aerial transportation, and pipelines. The transportation sector accounts for roughly 11% of the countrys gross domestic product and 7% of total employment.
Railways
The public railways in Ukraine are managed by the state railway company Ukrzaliznytsia[2]
Network length (2010)
The length of the railway network Ukraine ranks third in Europe (21.7000 kilometres of track).
•    22,000 km (13,670 mi) broad gauge of 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 27⁄32 in), ~10,000 km (6,214 mi) electrified (3 kV DC and 25 kV AC)
•    201 km (125 mi) of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge, electrifie
Rail links with adjacent countries
•    Belarus
•    Russia
•    Moldova
•    Romania (break-of-gauge: 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 27⁄32 in) / 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in))
•    Hungary (break-of-gauge: 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 27⁄32 in) / 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in))
•    Slovakia (break-of-gauge: 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 27⁄32 in) / 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in))
•    Poland (break-of-gauge: 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 27⁄32 in) / 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) plus a standard gauge cross-border cargo line)

Highways
The development of public roads in Ukraine is currently lagging behind the pace of motorisation in the country. During 1990-2010 the length of the highways network hardly increased at all. The density of highways in Ukraine is 6.6 times lower than in France (respectively 0.28 and 1.84 kilometres of roads per square kilometre area of the country). The length of express roads in Ukraine is 0.28 thousand km (in Germany - 12.5 thousand kilometres in France - 7.1 thousand kilometres), and the level of funding for each kilometre of road in Ukraine is around 5,5 - 6 times less than in those locations.
This is due to a number of objective reasons, including that the burden of maintaining the transport network per capita is significantly higher than in European countries because of Ukraines relatively. low population density (76 people per square kilometre), low purchasing power of citizens (1/5 of the Eurozones purchasing capacity), relatively low car ownership and the nations large territory.
The operational condition of roads is very poor; around 51.1% of roads do not meet minimum standards, and 39.2% require major rebuilds. The average speed on roads in Ukraine 2 - 3 times lower than in Western countries.
•    Total: 169,477 km
•    Paved: 164,732 km (102,360 mi) (including 15 km (9 mi) of expressways); note - these roads, classified as "hard-surfaced", include both hard-paved highways and some all-weather gravel-surfaced roads.
•    Unpaved: 4,745 km (2,948 mi) (2004)

Airports
•    Total: 412 (2012)
Airports with paved runways
•    Total: 179
•    Over 3,047 m: 13
•    2,438 to 3,047 m: 49
•    1,524 to 2,437 m: 22
•    914 to 1,523 m: 6
•    Under 914 m: 89 (2012)
Major airports are: Kiev Boryspil Airport, Dnipropetrovsk Airport, Kharkiv Airport, Lviv Airport, Donetsk Airport, Odessa Airport, and Simferopol Airport.
Airports with unpaved runways
•    Total: 233
•    2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
•    1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
•    914 to 1,523 m: 9
•    Under 914 m: 216 (2012)
Heliports
•    Total: 7 (2012)

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