Situated at the strategically important crossroads where Europe meets Asia, Georgia has a unique and ancient cultural heritage, and is famed for its traditions of hospitality and cuisine. Over the centuries, Georgia was the object of rivalry between Persia, Turkey and Russia, before being eventually annexed by Russia in the 19th century. Since emerging from the collapsing Soviet Union as an independent state in 1991, Georgia has again become the arena of conflicting interests, this time between the US and a revived Russia. Tense relations with Russia have been further exacerbated by Moscows support for the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
Geography
During the classical era, several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia. The kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia adopted Christianity in the early 4th century. A unified Kingdom of Georgia reached the peak of its political and economic strength during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar in the 11th–12th centuries. Thereafter the area was dominated by various large empires, including the Safavids, Afsharids, and Qajar Persians. In the late 18th century, the kingdom ofKartli-Kakheti forged an alliance with the Russian Empire, and the area was annexed by Russia in 1801. After a brief period of independence following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Georgia was occupied by Soviet Russia in 1921, becoming part of the Soviet Union as the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic. After independence in 1991, post-communist Georgia suffered from civil unrest and economic crisis for most of the 1990s. This lasted until the Rose Revolution of 2003, after which the new government introduced democratic and economic reforms.
Georgia is a member of the Council of Europe and the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development. It contains two de facto independent regions,Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which gained limited international recognition after the 2008 Russo-Georgian War. Georgia and a major part of the international community consider the regions to be part of Georgias sovereign territory under Russian military occupation
Population
Population: 2000/4,745,000 - 2050/3,267,000 (137 nation in 2050 population)
Christian 78.7%, Evangelical 1.6%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.58 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/34.4 - 2050/45
Transport
Railway: City with metro system: Tbilisi (see Tbilisi Metro).
1. In April 2005, an agreement was signed to build a railway from Turkey through Georgia to Azerbaijan (see Kars Baku Tbilisi railway line). The line under construction is using Standard gauge until Akhalkalaki. There will be axle change station for wagons to proceed with broad gauge to Baku.
2. In August 2007, Georgia handed over the management rights of the state-owned Georgian Railway company to the U.K.-based company Parkfield Investment for 89 years.
Highway: The road network in Georgia consists of 1,603 kilometers of main or international highways that are considered to be in good condition and some 18,821 kilometers of secondary and local roads that are, generally, in poor condition. Only 7,854 km out of over 20,000 km of Georgian roads are paved.
Airport: 28 (1994 est.) In February 2007 a brand new, modern and fully equipped international Airport was inaugurated in Tbilisi.
1. Tbilisi International Airport2. Batumi International Airport
3. David the Builder Kutaisi International Airport
4. Mestia Queen Tamar Airport
5. Poti International Airport.
Greetings
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English |
ქáƒáƒ თული (Georgian) |
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კეთილი იყáƒáƒ¡ თქვენი (kethili iqos tkveni) |
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გáƒáƒ›áƒáƒ ჯáƒáƒ‘რ(gamarjoba) |
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Hello (on phone) |
áƒáƒšáƒ (alo) |
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რáƒáƒ’áƒáƒ რხáƒáƒ ? (rogora khar?) |
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Reply to How are you? |
კáƒáƒ გáƒáƒ“ ვáƒáƒ , შენ? (kargad var, shen?) |
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დიდი ხáƒáƒœáƒ˜áƒ áƒáƒ მინáƒáƒ®áƒ˜áƒ®áƒáƒ თ |
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თქვენი სáƒáƒ®áƒ”ლი? (thkveni sakheli?) - frm |
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მე მქვირ... (me mkvia ...) |
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სáƒáƒ˜áƒ“áƒáƒœ ბრძáƒáƒœáƒ“ებით? |
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მე ვáƒáƒ ... (me var ...) |
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სáƒáƒ¡áƒ˜áƒáƒ›áƒáƒ•áƒœáƒáƒ თქვენი/შენი გáƒáƒªáƒœáƒáƒ‘რ|
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დილრმშვიდáƒáƒ‘ისრ(dila mshvidobisa) |
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სáƒáƒ¦áƒáƒ›áƒ მშვიდáƒáƒ‘ისრ(saghamo mshvidobisa) |
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ძილი ნებისრ(dzili nebisa) |
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ნáƒáƒ®áƒ•áƒáƒ›áƒ“ის (nakhvamdis) |
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წáƒáƒ მáƒáƒ¢áƒ”ბებს გისურვებთ (carmatebebs gisurvebth) - frm |
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გáƒáƒ’იმáƒáƒ ჯáƒáƒ—! (gagimarjoth) - frm |
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წáƒáƒ მáƒáƒ¢áƒ”ბულ დღეს გისურვებთ |
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გáƒáƒáƒ›áƒáƒ—! (gaamoth) - frm გáƒáƒáƒ›áƒáƒ¡! (gaamos) - inf |
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კეთილ მგზáƒáƒ•áƒ áƒáƒ‘áƒáƒ¡ გისურვებთ |
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მე მესმის (me mesmis) |
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áƒáƒ მესმის (ar mesmis) |
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თუ შეიძლებრუფრრნელრილáƒáƒžáƒáƒ áƒáƒ™áƒ” |
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თუ შეიძლებრგáƒáƒ˜áƒ›áƒ”áƒáƒ ეთ (thu sheidzleba gaimeoreth) - frm |
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თუ შეიძლებრდáƒáƒ¬áƒ”რეთ (thu sheidzleba dacereth) - frm |
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How do you say ... in Georgian? |
რáƒáƒ’áƒáƒ იქნებრქáƒáƒ თულáƒáƒ“ ...? (rogor ikneba kartulad ...?) |
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Do you speak Georgian? |
ქáƒáƒ თულáƒáƒ“ ლáƒáƒžáƒáƒ áƒáƒ™áƒáƒ‘თ? (karthulad laparakobth?) - frm |
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Yes, a little |
დიáƒáƒ®, ცáƒáƒ¢áƒ (diakh, cota) |
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ბáƒáƒ“იში (bodishi) |
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რრღირს? (ra ghirs?) |
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გმáƒáƒ“ლáƒáƒ‘თ (gmadlobth) |
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Reply to thank you |
áƒáƒ áƒáƒ¤áƒ”რს (araphers) |
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ტუáƒáƒšáƒ”ტი სáƒáƒ“ áƒáƒ ის (tualeti(sapirpharesho) sad aris) |
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ეს ქáƒáƒšáƒ‘áƒáƒ¢áƒáƒœáƒ˜ გáƒáƒ“áƒáƒ˜áƒ®áƒ“ის ყველáƒáƒ¤áƒ”რს |
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ბáƒáƒ¢áƒáƒœáƒ˜ გáƒáƒ“áƒáƒ˜áƒ®áƒ“ის ყველáƒáƒ¤áƒ”რს |
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გნებáƒáƒ•áƒ— ვიცეკვáƒáƒ—? (gnebavth vicekvoth?) - frm |
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მიყვáƒáƒ ხáƒáƒ (me shen miqvarkhar) |
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მáƒáƒšáƒ” გáƒáƒ›áƒáƒ¯áƒáƒœáƒ›áƒ თელდით (male gamojanmrteldith) - frm |
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თáƒáƒ•áƒ˜ დáƒáƒ›áƒáƒœáƒ”ბეთ! (thavi damanebeth!) - frm |
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მიშველეთ! (mishveleth!) |
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ხáƒáƒœáƒ«áƒáƒ იáƒ! (khandzaria!) |
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შეჩერდით! (shecherdith!) |
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პáƒáƒšáƒ˜áƒªáƒ˜áƒ გáƒáƒ›áƒáƒ˜áƒ«áƒáƒ®áƒ”თ! (policia gamoidzakheth!) |
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გილáƒáƒªáƒáƒ•áƒ— შáƒáƒ‘áƒ-áƒáƒ®áƒáƒš წელს (gilocavth shoba-akhal cels) - frm |
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გილáƒáƒªáƒáƒ•áƒ— áƒáƒ¦áƒ“გáƒáƒ›áƒáƒ¡ (gilocavth aghdgomas) - frm |
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გილáƒáƒªáƒáƒ•áƒ— დáƒáƒ‘áƒáƒ“ების დღეს (gilocavth dabadebis dghes) - frm |
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ერთი ენრáƒáƒ áƒáƒ¡áƒáƒ“ეს áƒáƒ áƒáƒ სáƒáƒ™áƒ›áƒáƒ ისი |
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